Evaluación del Sticky Floor y Glass Ceiling para el mercado laboral peruano (2022)

Abstract

This study aims to construct a wage model based on the Mincer equation (1958) for individuals within the Economically Active Population (EAP) in the Peruvian labor market, with the purpose of diagnosing issues associated with gender wage discrimination, specifically "Sticky Floor" and "Glass Ceiling." Using data from the National Household Survey - INEI, parameters are estimated through the quantile regression method. The dependent variable is the hourly wage, linked to a set of variables progressively implemented in the model, such as age, education, marital status, work zone, and formality. Additionally, the sector of the employing company and the occupation of individuals are considered based on the information available in the data source. Exploratory data analysis reveals significant disparities in academic achievements based on gender, and it shows that, in most sectors, the average salary for men surpasses that of women. The results demonstrate that the gender wage gap is sensitive to the inclusion of variables that thoroughly explain the situation of each observation, decreasing from a range of 18-40 per cent in a basic model to 12-22 per cent when considering all variables exposed in this study. Finally, the study provides evidence of the existence of the Sticky Floor and also presents some evidence that, while not conclusive, suggests the presence of the Glass Ceiling.