Simulador impreso en 3D para el entrenamiento médico de la punción renal percutánea
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Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología
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Los problemas urológicos presentan un problema para la salud de los pacientes pediátricos. En ciertos casos, es necesario procedimientos invasivos, que empiezan con una punción en el riñón. Ante el aumento de las patologías, es necesario que los médicos puedan entrenar la punción de manera segura, controlada y con el mayor realismo posible. Por esta razón, esta tesis plantea el diseño y desarrollo de un simulador impreso en 3D para la práctica médica de la función renal percutánea. Se segmentó la tomografía computarizada de un paciente para obtener el riñón, cálices renales y cuerpo del paciente, con control de calidad por un médico radiólogo. Luego, se creó un vacío para el transductor de ultrasonido y se modificó el cuerpo del paciente. Mediante diseño CAD, se diseñaron moldes para el vacío, riñón y cálices renales, junto a una base para posición prona. Los moldes, la base y el cuerpo fueron impresos en 3D, pasando por control de calidad con un calibrador micrométrico. Empleando gelatina, silicona ecogénica y gel balístico, se construyeron los cálices, el riñón y el vacío, con su respectiva base. Finalmente, la funcionalidad del simulador fue comprobada por un médico radiólogo. Las segmentaciones tuvieron menos de 2 % de error, por lo que fueron consideradas correctas para su uso. En 28 de 29 (96.55 %) de las medidas realizadas en las piezas, se encontró un error menor al 2 %, indicando una manufactura correcta. Durante la prueba con el medico radiólogo, el simulador probo ser funcional, cumpliendo los criterios establecidos en esta investigación.
Urological problems present a health problem for pediatric patients. In certain cases, invasive procedures are necessary, starting with a puncture of the kidney. Given the increase in pathologies, it is necessary for physicians to be able to train the puncture in a safe, controlled and as realistic way as possible. For this reason, this thesis proposes the design and development of a 3D printed simulator for the medical practice of percutaneous renal puncture. The CT scan of a patient was segmented to obtain the kidney, renal calyxes, and the patient’s body. The segmentations were passed through quality control by a medical radiologist. A vacuum was created for the ultrasound transducer and modifications were made to the patient’s body. Using CAD design, molds were created for the ultrasound vacuum, kidney and renal calyxes, along with a base for prone position. The molds, the base and the patient’s body were 3D printed and passed through quality control with a micrometer caliper. Using gelatin, echogenic silicone and ballistic gel, the calyxes, kidney and ultrasound vacuum were built, respectively, with their respective base. Finally, the functionality of the simulator was checked by a radiologist. The segmentations had less than 2 % error, so they were considered correct for use. In 28 out of 29 (96.55 %) of the measurements performed on the manufactured parts, an error of less than 2 % was found, indicating correct manufacturing. During the test with the radiologist, the simulator proved to be functional, meeting the criteria established in this research.
Urological problems present a health problem for pediatric patients. In certain cases, invasive procedures are necessary, starting with a puncture of the kidney. Given the increase in pathologies, it is necessary for physicians to be able to train the puncture in a safe, controlled and as realistic way as possible. For this reason, this thesis proposes the design and development of a 3D printed simulator for the medical practice of percutaneous renal puncture. The CT scan of a patient was segmented to obtain the kidney, renal calyxes, and the patient’s body. The segmentations were passed through quality control by a medical radiologist. A vacuum was created for the ultrasound transducer and modifications were made to the patient’s body. Using CAD design, molds were created for the ultrasound vacuum, kidney and renal calyxes, along with a base for prone position. The molds, the base and the patient’s body were 3D printed and passed through quality control with a micrometer caliper. Using gelatin, echogenic silicone and ballistic gel, the calyxes, kidney and ultrasound vacuum were built, respectively, with their respective base. Finally, the functionality of the simulator was checked by a radiologist. The segmentations had less than 2 % error, so they were considered correct for use. In 28 out of 29 (96.55 %) of the measurements performed on the manufactured parts, an error of less than 2 % was found, indicating correct manufacturing. During the test with the radiologist, the simulator proved to be functional, meeting the criteria established in this research.
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Bracamonte Sabogal, A. P. (2025). Simulador impreso en 3D para el entrenamiento médico de la punción renal percutánea [Tesis de Título Profesional, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología]. Repositorio Institucional UTEC. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12815/429
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