Factores socioeconómicos que influyen en el nivel educativo de los pobladores de Lima Metropolitana 2016-2019

Abstract

Given the relevance of education in the economic development of a territory, the question arises about which factors influence the attainment of a high educational level and, consequently, the generation of better opportunities for human development. In order to provide possible answers to this issue, this thesis aims to determine the influence of social and economic factors that particularly affect the inhabitants of Metropolitan Lima during the years 2016-2019. The present research is framed within a basic and explanatory approach, as it seeks to explain the relationship between socioeconomic variables (gender, ethnic group, occupation, number of household members, number of sleeping rooms in the dwelling, and socioeconomic status) and educational variables (primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels), using a hypothetical-deductive method. Consequently, the following hypotheses were tested: a) with greater development of economic factors, the inhabitants of Metropolitan Lima will achieve a higher educational level, and b) with greater development of social factors, the inhabitants of Metropolitan Lima will have a higher educational level. The theoretical foundations considered for this testing are those that explain the contribution of human capital and human development to the improvement of education. The selected model used for analysis is the multinomial logit model, which allows analyzing the influence of the variables on the educational levels of primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Finally, the results obtained demonstrate the influence of the majority of the analyzed variables on the educational level. However, the significance of some variables is biased due to the size of the sample used.