Procesamiento de valores geoquímicos de metales pesados en sedimentos de suelos, en la parte media de la cuenca del río Chillón, para determinar las fuentes de contaminación y el proceso de su reducción

Abstract

The middle part of the Chillón river basin is an area with the presence of gold mineralization, partially exploited by informal miners (Minera Yangas. Canta 2010), distributed mainly in the bed of the ravine next to the mineralized outcrops. The chemical analysis of heavy metals was carried out: Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). The metals (As), (Cd), (Cr), (Cu), (Hg), (Pb) and (Zn). (Potentially toxic to health) found in the geochemical study, have been studied in their soluble fraction in the material in suspension in the waters of the Chillón River, but not in the sediments of the study area. The purpose of the professional proficiency work is to design maps of isovalues of the concentration of toxic metals, for which information was collected from the results of geochemical analysis of soil sediment samples, as well as geological maps. With the information of geochemical values, statistical calculations and data correlation were performed according to the Canadian Environmental Quality Table Guidelines. Next, the areas with the highest and lowest concentration of polluting chemical elements, mainly heavy metals, were delimited, locating and defining the sources of contamination. Next, taking into account that some of these metals are essential in adequate proportions to protect the health of human beings and living beings in general; Based on established parameters, metals that exceed the permitted consumption content and that, on the contrary, cause damage to the ecosystem and to the health of the population are classified. The heavy metals that exceeded the permissible limits are: Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb). Finally, the measures of prevention and execution of activities are defined, for the control, reduction and/or elimination of the sources of contamination, providing the necessary recommendations so that the organisms specialized in environmental contamination and environmental medicine, manage to preserve an environment. healthy environment for the benefit of the population, mining workers and surrounding populations.