Diseño e implementación de un plan de mantenimiento para aumentar la disponibilidad de una flota de equipos montacargas
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Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología
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Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal diseñar un plan de mantenimiento para una flota de montacargas de la marca Hyster, con la finalidad de reducir fallas críticas y aumentar la disponibilidad operativa de los equipos. La necesidad de este trabajo nace de la realidad observada en campo, donde se identificaron constantes problemas que afectan directamente la continuidad de las operaciones logísticas. El estudio comienza con un diagnóstico interno del área de mantenimiento utilizando herramientas como la auditoría técnica y el diagrama de Ishikawa. A través, de este análisis, se evidencio una gestión deficiente de repuestos, especialmente por la falta de filtros originales en stock, así como una manipulación inadecuada de lubricantes a granel, lo que no solo incrementa el riesgo de fallas mecánicas, sino también representa un riesgo ambiental importante. Con el propósito de tomar decisiones más acertadas, se aplicó una matriz de criticidad para conocer qué equipos requieren mayor atención, y así enfocar mejor los esfuerzos de mantenimiento. A partir de ello, se definieron nuevas actividades técnicas con frecuencias operativas específicas (diaria, 250, 500, 1000 y 2000 horas), que permitiera una intervención oportuna antes de que los equipos presenten fallos graves. Se rediseñaron las cartillas de mantenimiento, ajustando el ciclo de 4000 a 2000 horas según las condiciones reales de operación. Se añadieron tareas y productos para optimizar las intervenciones, y se elaboró un inventario mensual que permitió estimar consumos anuales y definir un presupuesto más eficiente. Como resultado, la disponibilidad de la flota mejoró de 79.57% a 82.32% en un año.
The main objective of this thesis is to design a maintenance plan for a fleet of Hyster forklifts, with the goal of reducing critical failures and increasing the equipment's operational availability. The need for this work arose from the reality observed in the field, where constant problems were identified that directly affected the continuity of logistics operations. The study begins with an internal diagnosis of the maintenance area using tools such as technical auditing and the Ishikawa diagram. This analysis revealed poor spare parts management, especially due to the lack of original filters in stock, as well as improper handling of bulk lubricants, which not only increases the risk of mechanical failures but also represents a significant environmental risk. To make better decisions, a criticality matrix was applied to identify which equipment requires the most attention and thus better focus maintenance efforts. Based on this, new technical activities were defined with specific operating frequencies (daily, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 hours), allowing for timely intervention before the equipment develops serious failures. Maintenance schedules were redesigned, adjusting the cycle from 4,000 to 2,000 hours based on actual operating conditions. Tasks and products were added to optimize interventions, and a monthly inventory was created to estimate annual consumption and define a more efficient budget. As a result, fleet availability improved from 79.57% to 82.32% in one year.
The main objective of this thesis is to design a maintenance plan for a fleet of Hyster forklifts, with the goal of reducing critical failures and increasing the equipment's operational availability. The need for this work arose from the reality observed in the field, where constant problems were identified that directly affected the continuity of logistics operations. The study begins with an internal diagnosis of the maintenance area using tools such as technical auditing and the Ishikawa diagram. This analysis revealed poor spare parts management, especially due to the lack of original filters in stock, as well as improper handling of bulk lubricants, which not only increases the risk of mechanical failures but also represents a significant environmental risk. To make better decisions, a criticality matrix was applied to identify which equipment requires the most attention and thus better focus maintenance efforts. Based on this, new technical activities were defined with specific operating frequencies (daily, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 hours), allowing for timely intervention before the equipment develops serious failures. Maintenance schedules were redesigned, adjusting the cycle from 4,000 to 2,000 hours based on actual operating conditions. Tasks and products were added to optimize interventions, and a monthly inventory was created to estimate annual consumption and define a more efficient budget. As a result, fleet availability improved from 79.57% to 82.32% in one year.
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Colque Castilla, J. L. (2025). Diseño e implementación de un plan de mantenimiento para aumentar la disponibilidad de una flota de equipos montacargas [Tesis de Título Profesional, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología]. Repositorio Institucional UTEC. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12815/513
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