Los factores internos y externos que inciden en la inserción laboral caso: estudio longitudinal de los egresados de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Económica de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería del periodo 2016 - 2017, Lima - Perú

Abstract

The general objective of this research work is to determine the internal and external factors that affect the labor insertion of graduates in the 2016 - 2017 period of the Economic Engineering career of the National University of Engineering. The research work focuses on the educational training process, both at the School and outside of it, and in aspects other than education. The background considered for this research work, part of the actions developed at the international and national level, such as the CHEERS Project “Careers After Graduation – An European Research Study, the REFLEX Project “The Flexible Professional in Knowledge Society” and the PROFLEX Project “The Flexible Professional in Knowledge Society-Latin America”, where the insertion and labor trajectory of graduates were analyzed. In Peru, the National University of San Marcos and the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru are the ones who have implemented these projects. Also, as background and to contextualize the research, a brief history of the public policies that began the studies of labor insertion is made. In the theoretical and conceptual perspective, the research is framed in different disciplines of the social sciences. Thus, the authors have devoted themselves to the study of the nature of the labor market, from a point of view that emphasizes education as a guarantor of social mobility; while others add unemployment, salary differences, rational agents, imperfect information, psychological, political and institutional. In this research, the quantitative and retrospective methodology has been applied, collecting information, since the graduate was in his training period at the university. Likewise, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the first job related to the career, and the factors that influenced that job. The document presents four objectives. The first, to examine the labor insertion of graduates; second, to identify the internal factors that affect labor insertion; third, to identify the external factors that affect labor insertion; and fourth, the proposal of an explanatory mathematical model. Among the findings, with the first objective are: quick access to the labor market before finishing university, getting a job within three months of graduating, job search is through the social environment, and there is a labor insertion in finance, insurance and banks. In relation to the second objective, they show preferences and rate courses related to finance as important, and a negative perception of administrative workers. In the third objective, preferences in courses and specializations related to practical topics in databases, programming language, finance, and artistic and social activities are shown. Regarding the fourth objective, two explanatory mathematical models were proposed, due to the information collected from the aforementioned objectives, being models that show theoretical and statistical coherence.