Comparación de la huella de carbono en la recuperación de metales de dispositivos móviles: escenarios de business as usual vs recuperación y reúso
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Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología
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Los dispositivos móviles concentran metales estratégicos como oro, plata y cobre, cuya obtención mediante minería tradicional (Business as Usual, BAU) se caracteriza por procesos altamente intensivos en energía y una elevada huella de carbono. En contraste, la minería urbana basada en la recuperación y reúso (R&R) de Residuos de Aparatos Eléctricos y Electrónicos (RAEE) permite sustituir parcialmente la extracción primaria por metales secundarios, reduciendo de manera significativa las emisiones asociadas y alineándose con los objetivos de la Hoja de Ruta hacia una Economía Circular al 2030 del Perú. Esta investigación compara la huella de carbono asociada al consumo energético en tres esquemas de obtención de metales: BAU, R&R de tarjetas electrónicas mixtas y R&R de tarjetas electrónicas de dispositivos móviles (R&R-MP), considerando la recuperación de 1 kg de oro, 1 kg de plata y 1 kg de cobre. Los resultados evidencian diferencias ambientales sustanciales entre los modelos evaluados. El esquema BAU presenta emisiones superiores a 29.59 t CO₂eq/kg de metales recuperados, mientras que el modelo R&R reduce esta carga a aproximadamente 10.17 t CO₂eq/kg. El modelo R&RMP exhibe el mejor desempeño ambiental, con solo 1.75 t CO₂eq/kg, lo que representa reducciones de hasta 94 % respecto al enfoque minero tradicional. Asimismo, se demuestra que la recuperación conjunta de los tres metales maximiza la eficiencia del sistema R&R-MP. El oro, debido a su alta concentración en RAEE móviles y elevado valor económico, actúa como el principal factor de viabilidad ambiental y económica, permitiendo que la recuperación simultánea de plata y cobre resulte competitiva frente al modelo lineal.
Mobile devices concentrate strategic metals such as gold, silver, and copper, whose extraction through traditional mining (Business as Usual, BAU) is characterized by highly energy-intensive processes and a high carbon footprint. In contrast, urban mining based on the recovery and reuse (R&R) of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) enables the partial substitution of primary extraction with secondary metals, significantly reducing associated emissions and aligning with the objectives of Peru’s Roadmap toward a Circular Economy by 2030. This research compares the carbon footprint associated with energy consumption across three metal recovery schemes: BAU, R&R of mixed electronic boards, and R&R of electronic boards from mobile devices (R&R-MP), considering the recovery of 1 kg of gold, 1 kg of silver, and 1 kg of copper. The results reveal substantial environmental differences among the evaluated models. The BAU scheme exhibits emissions exceeding 29.59 t CO₂eq per kilogram of recovered metals, whereas the R&R model reduces this burden to approximately 10.17 t CO₂eq/kg. The R&R-MP model demonstrates the best environmental performance, with only 1.75 t CO₂eq/kg, representing reductions of up to 94% compared to the traditional mining approach. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the joint recovery of the three metals maximizes the efficiency of the R&R-MP system. Gold, due to its high concentration in mobile WEEE and its elevated economic value, acts as the primary driver of environmental and economic feasibility, enabling the simultaneous recovery of silver and copper to remain competitive relative to the linear model.
Mobile devices concentrate strategic metals such as gold, silver, and copper, whose extraction through traditional mining (Business as Usual, BAU) is characterized by highly energy-intensive processes and a high carbon footprint. In contrast, urban mining based on the recovery and reuse (R&R) of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) enables the partial substitution of primary extraction with secondary metals, significantly reducing associated emissions and aligning with the objectives of Peru’s Roadmap toward a Circular Economy by 2030. This research compares the carbon footprint associated with energy consumption across three metal recovery schemes: BAU, R&R of mixed electronic boards, and R&R of electronic boards from mobile devices (R&R-MP), considering the recovery of 1 kg of gold, 1 kg of silver, and 1 kg of copper. The results reveal substantial environmental differences among the evaluated models. The BAU scheme exhibits emissions exceeding 29.59 t CO₂eq per kilogram of recovered metals, whereas the R&R model reduces this burden to approximately 10.17 t CO₂eq/kg. The R&R-MP model demonstrates the best environmental performance, with only 1.75 t CO₂eq/kg, representing reductions of up to 94% compared to the traditional mining approach. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the joint recovery of the three metals maximizes the efficiency of the R&R-MP system. Gold, due to its high concentration in mobile WEEE and its elevated economic value, acts as the primary driver of environmental and economic feasibility, enabling the simultaneous recovery of silver and copper to remain competitive relative to the linear model.
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Barreda Joo, J. E. (2025). Comparación de la huella de carbono en la recuperación de metales de dispositivos móviles: escenarios de business as usual vs recuperación y reúso [Tesis de Título Profesional, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología]. Repositorio Institucional UTEC. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12815/534
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