Desarrollo e implementación de un sistema anticolisiones para transeúntes a base de Lora y Ranging en minas
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Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología
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En el Perú, una de las actividades económicas más importantes es la minería. Sin embargo, también es una labor con gran índice de accidentes. Muchos accidentes ocurren por colisiones entre vehículos, maquinaria y transeúntes. La presente tesis ataca esta problemática al implementar un Sistema de Conciencia Anticolisiones para Transeúntes (Pedestrian Collision Awareness System, PCAS) para minas usando las tecnologías LoRa y Ranging. El trabajo empieza al realizar una revisión crítica de la literatura para analizar las tecnologías existentes de CAS, por lo que se pudo encontrar que la mayoría de soluciones no protegen directamente a los transeúntes. A partir de este análisis, se empezó a evaluar las tecnologías de comunicación y localización para poder desarrollar un PCAS desde 0. Se selecciono LoRa por su alta escalabilidad, robustez y capacidad de operar en Non Line of Sight (NLOS), además de la capacidad de utilizar Ranging para medir la distancia en un intercambio de paquetes y prescindir del GPS. Con las tecnologías escogidas, se diseña el PCAS con un carácter general que se pueda adaptar a diferentes minas. Se realizaron pruebas teóricas de latencia, consumo energético y tiempo en el aire y posteriormente se implementó con prototipos basados en el transceptor SX1280. Finalmente, se realizan tanto pruebas dinámicas como estáticas para validar variables de confiabilidad, precisión de distancia y tiempos de respuesta. Asimismo, se realizan las pruebas en entorno abierto y cerrado. Los resultados determinaron que el prototipo era viable según las variables probadas. Se crea este dispositivo como alternativa para aumentar la seguridad para los transeúntes en minas. Sin embargo, más pruebas son requeridas para un despliegue correcto.
In Peru, one of the most important economic activities is mining. However, it is also an activity with a high accident rate. Many accidents occur due to collisions between vehicles, machinery, and pedestrians. This thesis addresses this problem by implementing a Pedestrian Collision Awareness System (PCAS) for mines using LoRa and Ranging technologies. The work begins with a critical review of the literature to analyze existing Collision Awareness System (CAS) technologies, which revealed that most solutions do not directly protect pedestrians. Based on this analysis, communication and localization technologies were evaluated in order to develop a PCAS from scratch. LoRa was selected due to its high scalability, robustness, and ability to operate in Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions, as well as its capability to use Ranging to measure distance through packet exchange, eliminating the need for GPS. With the selected technologies, a general-purpose PCAS design was developed to allow adaptation to different mining environments. The system was first evaluated through theoretical analyses of latency, energy consumption, and time on air, and was subsequently implemented using prototypes based on the SX1280 transceiver. Finally, both dynamic and static tests were conducted to validate key variables such as reliability, distance measurement accuracy, and response times. Tests were carried out in both open and enclosed environments. The results demonstrated that the prototype is viable according to the evaluated variables. This device is proposed as an alternative to improve pedestrian safety in mining environments; however, further testing is required for proper large-scale deployment.
In Peru, one of the most important economic activities is mining. However, it is also an activity with a high accident rate. Many accidents occur due to collisions between vehicles, machinery, and pedestrians. This thesis addresses this problem by implementing a Pedestrian Collision Awareness System (PCAS) for mines using LoRa and Ranging technologies. The work begins with a critical review of the literature to analyze existing Collision Awareness System (CAS) technologies, which revealed that most solutions do not directly protect pedestrians. Based on this analysis, communication and localization technologies were evaluated in order to develop a PCAS from scratch. LoRa was selected due to its high scalability, robustness, and ability to operate in Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions, as well as its capability to use Ranging to measure distance through packet exchange, eliminating the need for GPS. With the selected technologies, a general-purpose PCAS design was developed to allow adaptation to different mining environments. The system was first evaluated through theoretical analyses of latency, energy consumption, and time on air, and was subsequently implemented using prototypes based on the SX1280 transceiver. Finally, both dynamic and static tests were conducted to validate key variables such as reliability, distance measurement accuracy, and response times. Tests were carried out in both open and enclosed environments. The results demonstrated that the prototype is viable according to the evaluated variables. This device is proposed as an alternative to improve pedestrian safety in mining environments; however, further testing is required for proper large-scale deployment.
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Vargas Chugo, R. (2025). Desarrollo e implementación de un sistema anticolisiones para transeúntes a base de Lora y Ranging en minas [Tesis de Título Profesional, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología]. Repositorio Institucional UTEC. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12815/525
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