Análisis ambiental de la implementación de techos verdes en el distrito de Santa Anita utilizando el modelo ENVI-Met
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Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología
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La investigación evaluó el potencial de los techos verdes como estrategia para mitigar los efectos de la urbanización en el distrito de Santa Anita, enfocándose en la reducción de la isla de calor urbana, la contaminación atmosférica y el déficit de áreas verdes. El objetivo general fue realizar un análisis ambiental de la instalación de techos verdes utilizando el modelo ENVI-Met, dado el incremento de 1.9 °C en la temperatura anual, el estado de emergencia ambiental y la carencia de 1.5 millones de metros cuadrados de áreas verdes en el distrito. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, cualitativo y de simulación mediante el modelo ENVI-Met. Se evaluaron tres tipos de techos verdes: simples, con sustrato mixto y con sustrato franco arenoso. La validación se realizó utilizando datos meteorológicos y de calidad del aire provenientes de las estaciones del SENAMHI, centrándose en la medición de la temperatura fisiológica equivalente (PET, de aquí en adelante solo temperatura), las concentraciones de ozono y de PM 2.5. Los resultados mostraron que todos los tipos de techos verdes redujeron la temperatura en aproximadamente 0.10 °C, efecto atribuido al fenómeno de evapotranspiración. Sin embargo, también se observó un incremento en la concentración de ozono (12 ug/m3) y de PM 2.5 (0.02 ug/m3), influenciado por las condiciones de alta radiación solar y elevada humedad relativa, propias del horario de simulación. Se concluye que la instalación de techos verdes puede ser una medida eficaz para mitigar la isla de calor urbana en Santa Anita, aunque puede conllevar efectos no deseados en la calidad del aire. Se recomienda optimizar su diseño e integración con otros elementos urbanos para maximizar los beneficios ambientales y minimizar los impactos negativos.
The research evaluated the potential of green roofs as a strategy to mitigate the effects of urbanization in the district of Santa Anita, focusing on the reduction of the urban heat island effect, air pollution, and the deficit of green areas. The general objective was to conduct an environmental analysis of green roof installation using the ENVI-Met model, given the 1.9 °C increase in annual temperature, the environmental emergency status, and the shortage of 1.5 million square meters of green areas in the district. A study with a quantitative, qualitative, and simulation approach was carried out using the ENVI-Met model. Three types of green roofs were evaluated: simple, with mixed substrate, and with sandy loam substrate. Validation was conducted using meteorological and air quality data from SENAMHI stations, focusing on the measurement of the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET, hereafter referred to simply as temperature), as well as ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations. The results showed that all types of green roofs reduced the temperature by approximately 0.10 °C, an effect attributed to the phenomenon of evapotranspiration. However, an increase in ozone (12 ug/m3) and PM 2.5 (0.02 ug/m3) concentrations was also observed, influenced by high solar radiation and elevated relative humidity conditions, typical of the simulation time. It is concluded that the installation of green roofs can be an effective measure to mitigate the urban heat island effect in Santa Anita, although it may lead to undesirable effects on air quality. It is recommended to optimize their design and integration with other urban elements to maximize environmental benefits and minimize negative impacts.Key words: green roofs, urban heat island, air pollution, ENVI-Met, physiological equivalent temperature (PET), ozone and PM 2.5.
The research evaluated the potential of green roofs as a strategy to mitigate the effects of urbanization in the district of Santa Anita, focusing on the reduction of the urban heat island effect, air pollution, and the deficit of green areas. The general objective was to conduct an environmental analysis of green roof installation using the ENVI-Met model, given the 1.9 °C increase in annual temperature, the environmental emergency status, and the shortage of 1.5 million square meters of green areas in the district. A study with a quantitative, qualitative, and simulation approach was carried out using the ENVI-Met model. Three types of green roofs were evaluated: simple, with mixed substrate, and with sandy loam substrate. Validation was conducted using meteorological and air quality data from SENAMHI stations, focusing on the measurement of the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET, hereafter referred to simply as temperature), as well as ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations. The results showed that all types of green roofs reduced the temperature by approximately 0.10 °C, an effect attributed to the phenomenon of evapotranspiration. However, an increase in ozone (12 ug/m3) and PM 2.5 (0.02 ug/m3) concentrations was also observed, influenced by high solar radiation and elevated relative humidity conditions, typical of the simulation time. It is concluded that the installation of green roofs can be an effective measure to mitigate the urban heat island effect in Santa Anita, although it may lead to undesirable effects on air quality. It is recommended to optimize their design and integration with other urban elements to maximize environmental benefits and minimize negative impacts.Key words: green roofs, urban heat island, air pollution, ENVI-Met, physiological equivalent temperature (PET), ozone and PM 2.5.
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Calmet Gutierrez, C. M. (2025). Análisis ambiental de la implementación de techos verdes en el distrito de Santa Anita utilizando el modelo ENVI-Met [Tesis de Título Profesional, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología]. Repositorio Institucional UTEC. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12815/433
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